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Lithuania

Lithuania is a European nation that regained its independence in 1991, after more than 50 years of forced annexation to the Soviet Union. Lithuania lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea.

It had been independent from 1918 to 1940, when the Soviet Union occupied it and made it one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union.

Lithuania owes much to the rich cultural currents of central Europe: it once shared an empire with neighboring Poland that stretched from the Baltic Sea almost to the Black Sea. Its capital Vilnius boasts a Baroque Old Town that is the largest in Eastern Europe and praised as the 'New Prague'...More Information on Lithuania.

Also Read: A short background feature on Lithuania

Full country name: Republic of Lithuania
Area: 65,200 sq km
Population: 3.59 million
Capital City: Vilnius
People: Lithuanian 80.6%, Russian 8.7%, Polish 7%, Byelorussian 1.6%
Language: Lithuanian, Russian
Religion: Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Russian Orthodox, Protestant, evangelical Christian Baptist, Islam, Judaism
Government: parliamentary democracy
Head of State: President Valdas Adamkus
Head of Government: Prime Minister Algirdas Brazauskas

History of Lithuania

The first written mention of Lithuania occurs in 1009 AD, although many centuries earlier the Roman historian Tacitus referred to the Lithuanians as excellent farmers. Spurred by the expansion into the Baltic lands of the Germanic monastic military orders (the Order of the Knights of the Sword and the Teutonic Order) Duke Mindaugas united the lands inhabited by the Lithuanians, the Samogitians, Yotvingians, and Couranians into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) in the 1230s-40s. In 1251 Mindaugas adopted Catholicism and was crowned King of Lithuania on July 6, 1253; a decade later, civil war erupted upon his assassination until a ruler named Vytenis defeated the Teutonic Knights and restored order...More on Lithuania History.

Overview of Lithuania Economy

GDP: US$30.8 billion
GDP per capita: US$8,400
Annual Growth: 4.5%
Inflation:5.1%
Major Industries: petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture making, textiles, food processing, fertilizers, agricultural machinery, electronic components, agriculture
Major Trading Partners: Russia, Germany, Belarus, Latvia, Ukraine, Poland, Denmark, Italy, Finland
Member of EU: Yes

Also Read: Special Feature on Economy of Lithuania

Political System of Lithuania

- Government And Political Conditions
- Foriegn Relations
- Defense

Climate, Vegetation and Fauna

Lithuania is the biggest of the three Baltic states and covers an area roughly the same size as Ireland. It borders Latvia in the north, Belarus in the south-east, the Baltic Sea in the west and Poland and the truncated Kaliningrad Region of Russia in the south-west. It's a predominantly flat country, and its highest point, Juazapinés, measures only 294m (964ft). Lithuania's Baltic coast extends about 100km (62mi), half of which lies along the extraordinary Curonian Spit - a pencil-thin 98km (61mi) long sandbar that's up to 66m (216ft) high.

Just over one quarter of Lithuania is forested, in particular the south-west of the country. Elk, deer, wild boar, wolf and lynx inhabit the forests, though you're unlikely to bump into any without some guidance. Lithuania also has about 2000 otters, and Lake Zuvintas, in the south, is an important breeding ground and migration halt for waterbirds. There are five national parks in Lithuania and a number of nature reserves, the highlight being the Kursiu Nerija National Park, a special environment of high dunes, pine forests, beaches, a lagoon and seacoasts.

The Lithuanian climate is temperate. From May to September daytime highs vary from about 14°C to 22°C (57°F to 72°F), but between November and March it rarely gets above 4°C (39°F). July and August, the warmest months, are also wet, with days of persistent showers. May, June and September are more comfortable, while late June can be thundery. Slush under foot is something you have to cope with in autumn, when snow falls then melts, and in spring, when the winter snow thaws.


Education: The population of Lithuania is highly educated. Virtually all those in the age-group fifteen to thirty-nine have...more on education in Lithuania.

People: In 1995 Lithuania had an around population of 3,717,000, which was 44,000 fewer people than in 1992...more on People and Population of Lithuania


Facts for the Traveler

Visas: Lithuania does not require visas for most tourists staying for 90 days or less. Citizens from fellow EU countries, the Baltic states, Australia, Canada, Japan, the US, nationals of Andorra, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Hong Kong (SAR), Iceland, Israel, Korea (Rep), Liechtenstein, Macau (SAR), Malaysia, Mexico, Monaco, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Romania, San Marino, Singapore, Switzerland, Uruguay, Vatican City and Venezuela do not require a visa for tourist stays of 90 days or less. A valid passport is required by all visitors.
Time Zone: GMT/UTC +2
Dialling Code: 370
Electricity: 220V ,50Hz
Weights & measures: Metric

Also Read: Money and Cost Required | Transportation System

When to Go

Summer and spring (May through September) are far and away the best times of year to travel in Lithuania. The majority of foreign tourists come during July and August, when low-budget hotels and hostels can be fully booked. While there's usually a picturesque sprinkling of snow on the ground in winter (November through March), there's also only a few hours of daylight each day.

Also Read: Getting Around Lithuania | Lithuania: Getting There and Away

What to See in Lithuania

Major Tourist Attractions in Lithuania
- Vilnius: Lithuania's capital city has an international flavour due to the influence of the big Lithuanian...
- Curonian Spit: The typical Baltic coastal scent of mingled ozone and pine is at its headiest on the northern...
- Druskininkai: This resort's status stems from its mineral springs, which have been in demand for their...

Other Tourist Attractions in Lithuania
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